Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers – with the value of every symbol.
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The seven symbols
| I | V | X | L | C | D | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1,000 |
The rules
- Symbols are written from largest to smallest and added: VI = 5 + 1 = 6.
- A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted, in six fixed pairs only: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400) and CM (900).
- The same symbol is used at most three times in a row: 30 is XXX, but 40 is XL.
Example: 2026 = 2,000 + 20 + 6 = MM + XX + VI = MMXXVI. And MCMXCIX = 1,000 + 900 + 90 + 9 = 1999.
Larger numbers
Standard Roman numerals stop at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). For larger values a bar over a letter multiplies it by 1,000 (V̅ = 5,000). Tick the box to convert numbers up to 3,999,999 this way.
Non-standard forms
Clock faces often show IIII instead of IV, and you may meet forms like IC for 99. The converter reads them, gives their value and shows the standard spelling (XCIX).
Frequently asked questions
What is 2026 in Roman numerals?
MMXXVI.
Why is there no zero in Roman numerals?
The system was used for counting and recording amounts, not for place-value arithmetic, so it has no symbol for zero.
What is the largest standard Roman numeral?
3,999 – MMMCMXCIX. Larger numbers need a bar over the letters.